Introduction of Networking
The Term Communication means sending or receiving information. A Communication system can be defined as the collection of hardware and software that facilitates intersystem exchange of information between different devices.
A Computer network is a collection of two or more computers, which are connected together to share information and resources. It is a combination of hardware and software that allows communication between computers over a network.
Evolution of Networking
Evolution of networking has the following networks:
ARPANET
The Advanced Research Projects Agency NETwork (ARPANET) was the world’s first operational packet switching network, the first network to implement TCP/IP.
The US department of defense sponsored as a projects named ARPANET, whose goal was to connect computers at different universities and U.S defense.
In Mid 80’ss the National Science Foundation created a new network called NSFnet, which was more capable than ARPANET.
Internet (INTERconnectionNETwork)
The Internet in simple terms is a network of the interlinked computer networking worldwide, which is accessible to the general public. Internet is such a huge network of several different interlinked networks relating to the business, government, academic and even smaller domestic networks.
Therefore, Internet is known as the network of all the other networks. These network is the internet to be used for various important functions, which include the several means of communication like the file transfer, the online chat and even the sharing of the documents and websites on the WWW or the World Wide Web.
Interspace
Interspace is a client/server software program that allows multiple users to communicate online with real time audio, video and text chat in dynamic 3D environments.
Interspace provides the most advanced form of communication available on the Internet Today.
The Interspace is a vision of what the internet will become tomorrow, when users cross-correlate information in multiple sources. It is an application environment for interconnecting spaces to manipulate information such as the Internet.
Switching Techniques
Switching techniques are used for transmitting data across networks.
Types of Switching Techniques
1. Circuit Switching
Circuit Switching is a methodology of implementing a telecommunication network in which two network nodes establish a dedicated communication channel(circuit), first through the network and then the message is transmitted through the channels.
The main advantage of circuit switching is guaranteed delivery.
2. Packet Switching
In packet based networks, the message gets broken into small data packets. These packets are sent out form the computer and they travel around the network seeking out the most efficient route to travel as circuits become available.
3. Message Switching
Message switching is a network switching technique, in which data is routed entirely form the source node to the destination node. In this technique, no physical path is established between source and destination in advance.
